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Enterprise Server 3.0
简体中文
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Get started
Enterprise Server 3.0
简体中文

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此版本的 GitHub Enterprise 已停止服务 2022-02-16. 即使针对重大安全问题，也不会发布补丁。 要获得更好的性能、改进的安全性和新功能，请升级到 GitHub Enterprise 的最新版本。 如需升级方面的帮助，请联系 GitHub Enterprise 支持。

Hello World

本文内容

Follow this Hello World exercise to get started with GitHub Enterprise Server.

简介

GitHub Enterprise Server is a code hosting platform for version control and collaboration. It lets you and others work together on projects from anywhere.

This tutorial teaches you GitHub Enterprise Server essentials like repositories, branches, commits, and pull requests. You'll create your own Hello World repository and learn GitHub Enterprise Server's pull request workflow, a popular way to create and review code.

In this quickstart guide, you will:

  • Create and use a repository
  • Start and manage a new branch
  • Make changes to a file and push them to GitHub Enterprise Server as commits
  • Open and merge a pull request

To complete this tutorial, you need a GitHub Enterprise Server account and Internet access. You don't need to know how to code, use the command line, or install Git (the version control software that GitHub Enterprise Server is built on).

创建仓库

A repository is usually used to organize a single project. Repositories can contain folders and files, images, videos, spreadsheets, and data sets -- anything your project needs. Often, repositories include a README file, a file with information about your project. GitHub Enterprise Server makes it easy to add one at the same time you create your new repository. It also offers other common options such as a license file.

Your hello-world repository can be a place where you store ideas, resources, or even share and discuss things with others.

  1. 在任何页面的右上角，使用 下拉菜单选择 New repository（新建仓库）。 带有创建新仓库选项的下拉菜单

  2. In the Repository name box, enter hello-world.

  3. In the Description box, write a short description.

  4. Select Add a README file.

  5. 单击 Create repository（创建仓库）。

    Create a hello world repository

创建分支

Branching lets you have different versions of a repository at one time.

By default, your repository has one branch named main that is considered to be the definitive branch. You can use branches to experiment and make edits before committing them to main.

When you create a branch off the main branch, you're making a copy, or snapshot, of main as it was at that point in time. If someone else made changes to the main branch while you were working on your branch, you could pull in those updates.

This diagram shows:

  • The main branch
  • A new branch called feature
  • The journey that feature takes before it's merged into main

branching diagram

Have you ever saved different versions of a file? Something like:

  • story.txt
  • story-joe-edit.txt
  • story-joe-edit-reviewed.txt

Branches accomplish similar goals in GitHub Enterprise Server repositories.

Here at GitHub Enterprise Server, our developers, writers, and designers use branches for keeping bug fixes and feature work separate from our main (production) branch. When a change is ready, they merge their branch into main.

创建分支

  1. Click the Code tab of your hello-world repository.
  2. Click the drop down at the top of the file list that says main. Branch menu
  3. Type a branch name, readme-edits, into the text box.
  4. Click Create branch: readme-edits from main.

Branch menu

Now you have two branches, main and readme-edits. Right now, they look exactly the same. Next you'll add changes to the new branch.

Making and committing changes

When you created a new branch in the previous step, GitHub Enterprise Server brought you to the code page for your new readme-edits branch, which is a copy of main.

You can make and save changes to the files in your repository. On GitHub Enterprise Server, saved changes are called commits. Each commit has an associated commit message, which is a description explaining why a particular change was made. Commit messages capture the history of your changes so that other contributors can understand what you’ve done and why.

  1. Click the README.md file.

  2. Click to edit the file.

  3. In the editor, write a bit about yourself.

  4. In the Commit changes box, write a commit message that describes your changes.

  5. 单击 Commit changes（提交更改）。

    Commit example

These changes will be made only to the README file on your readme-edits branch, so now this branch contains content that's different from main.

打开拉取请求

Now that you have changes in a branch off of main, you can open a pull request.

Pull requests are the heart of collaboration on GitHub Enterprise Server. When you open a pull request, you're proposing your changes and requesting that someone review and pull in your contribution and merge them into their branch. Pull requests show diffs, or differences, of the content from both branches. The changes, additions, and subtractions are shown in different colors.

As soon as you make a commit, you can open a pull request and start a discussion, even before the code is finished.

By using GitHub Enterprise Server's @mention feature in your pull request message, you can ask for feedback from specific people or teams, whether they're down the hall or 10 time zones away.

You can even open pull requests in your own repository and merge them yourself. It's a great way to learn the GitHub Enterprise Server flow before working on larger projects.

  1. Click the Pull requests tab of your hello-world repository.

  2. Click New pull request

  3. In the Example Comparisons box, select the branch you made, readme-edits, to compare with main (the original).

  4. Look over your changes in the diffs on the Compare page, make sure they're what you want to submit.

    diff example

  5. 单击 Create pull request（创建拉取请求）。

  6. Give your pull request a title and write a brief description of your changes. You can include emojis and drag and drop images and gifs.

  7. 单击 Create pull request（创建拉取请求）。

Your collaborators can now review your edits and make suggestions.

Merging your pull request

In this final step, you will merge your readme-edits branch into the main branch.

  1. Click Merge pull request to merge the changes into main.
  2. 单击 Confirm merge（确认合并）。
  3. Go ahead and delete the branch, since its changes have been incorporated, by clicking Delete branch.

后续步骤

By completing this tutorial, you've learned to create a project and make a pull request on GitHub Enterprise Server.

Here's what you accomplished in this tutorial:

  • Created an open source repository
  • Started and managed a new branch
  • Changed a file and committed those changes to GitHub Enterprise Server
  • Opened and merged a pull request

Take a look at your GitHub Enterprise Server profile and you'll see your work reflected on your contribution graph.

For more information about the power of branches and pull requests, see "GitHub flow." For more information about getting started with GitHub Enterprise Server, see the other guides in the getting started quickstart.