Working with the NuGet registry

URL for the NuGet registry

If you access GitHub at GitHub.com, you will publish packages to https://nuget.pkg.github.com. Examples in this article use this URL.

If you access GitHub at another domain, such as octocorp.ghe.com, replace "https://nuget.pkg.github.com" with https://nuget.SUBDOMAIN.ghe.com, where SUBDOMAIN is your enterprise's unique subdomain.

Authenticating to GitHub Packages

You need an access token to publish, install, and delete private, internal, and public packages.

You can use a personal access token (classic) to authenticate to GitHub Packages or the GitHub API. When you create a personal access token (classic), you can assign the token different scopes depending on your needs. For more information about packages-related scopes for a personal access token (classic), see "About permissions for GitHub Packages."

To authenticate to a GitHub Packages registry within a GitHub Actions workflow, you can use:

• GITHUB_TOKEN to publish packages associated with the workflow repository.
• a personal access token (classic) with at least read:packages scope to install packages associated with other private repositories (which GITHUB_TOKEN can't access).

Authenticating in a GitHub Actions workflow

This registry supports granular permissions. For registries that support granular permissions, if your GitHub Actions workflow is using a personal access token to authenticate to a registry, we highly recommend you update your workflow to use the GITHUB_TOKEN. For guidance on updating your workflows that authenticate to a registry with a personal access token, see "Publishing and installing a package with GitHub Actions."

You can use a GITHUB_TOKEN in a GitHub Actions workflow to delete or restore a package using the REST API, if the token has admin permission to the package. Repositories that publish packages using a workflow, and repositories that you have explicitly connected to packages, are automatically granted admin permission to packages in the repository.

For more information about the GITHUB_TOKEN, see "Automatic token authentication." For more information about the best practices when using a registry in actions, see "Security hardening for GitHub Actions."

Use the following command to authenticate to GitHub Packages in a GitHub Actions workflow using the GITHUB_TOKEN instead of hardcoding a personal access token in a nuget.config file in the repository:

dotnet nuget add source --username USERNAME --password ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }} --store-password-in-clear-text --name github "https://nuget.pkg.github.com/NAMESPACE/index.json"

Replace NAMESPACE with the name of the personal account or organization to which your packages are scoped.

Replace USERNAME with the username to be used when connecting to an authenticated source.

You can also choose to give access permissions to packages independently for GitHub Codespaces and GitHub Actions. For more information, see "Configuring a package's access control and visibility" and "Configuring a package's access control and visibility."

Authenticating with a personal access token

You need an access token to publish, install, and delete private, internal, and public packages.

You can use a personal access token (classic) to authenticate to GitHub Packages or the GitHub API. When you create a personal access token (classic), you can assign the token different scopes depending on your needs. For more information about packages-related scopes for a personal access token (classic), see "About permissions for GitHub Packages."

To authenticate to a GitHub Packages registry within a GitHub Actions workflow, you can use:

• GITHUB_TOKEN to publish packages associated with the workflow repository.
• a personal access token (classic) with at least read:packages scope to install packages associated with other private repositories (which GITHUB_TOKEN can't access).

You must use a personal access token (classic) with the appropriate scopes to publish and install packages in GitHub Packages. For more information, see "Introduction to GitHub Packages."

To authenticate to GitHub Packages with the dotnet command-line interface (CLI), create a nuget.config file in your project directory specifying GitHub Packages as a source under packageSources for the dotnet CLI client.

You must replace:

• USERNAME with the name of your personal account on GitHub.
• TOKEN with your personal access token (classic).
• NAMESPACE with the name of the personal account or organization to which your packages are scoped.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<configuration>
    <packageSources>
        <clear />
        <add key="github" value="https://nuget.pkg.github.com/NAMESPACE/index.json" />
    </packageSources>
    <packageSourceCredentials>
        <github>
            <add key="Username" value="USERNAME" />
            <add key="ClearTextPassword" value="TOKEN" />
        </github>
    </packageSourceCredentials>
</configuration>

Publishing a package

You can publish a package to GitHub Packages by authenticating with a nuget.config file, using the --api-key command line option with your GitHub personal access token (classic) or by using command that can be run directly from the command line using the dotnet command-line interface (CLI).

Replace OWNER with your username or company name, and YOUR_GITHUB_PAT with your personal access token.

dotnet nuget add source --username OWNER --password YOUR_GITHUB_PAT --store-password-in-clear-text --name github "https://nuget.pkg.github.com/OWNER/index.json"

The NuGet registry stores packages within your organization or personal account, and allows you to associate packages with a repository. You can choose whether to inherit permissions from a repository, or set granular permissions independently of a repository.

When you first publish a package, the default visibility is private. To change the visibility or set access permissions, see "Configuring a package's access control and visibility." For more information on linking a published package with a repository, see Connecting a repository to a package.

If you specify a RepositoryURL in your project's .csproj file, the published package will automatically be connected to the specified repository. For more information, see Working with the NuGet registry. For information on linking an already-published package to a repository, see Connecting a repository to a package.

Publishing a package using a GitHub personal access token as your API key

If you don't already have a personal access token to use for your account on GitHub, see Managing your personal access tokens.

1. Create a new project. Replace PROJECT_NAME with the name you'd like to give the project.

   dotnet new console --name PROJECT_NAME
   

2. Package the project.

   dotnet pack --configuration Release
   

3. Publish the package using your personal access token as the API key. Replace PROJECT_NAME with the name of the project, 1.0.0 with the version number of the package, and YOUR_GITHUB_PAT with your personal access token.

   dotnet nuget push "bin/Release/PROJECT_NAME.1.0.0.nupkg" --api-key YOUR_GITHUB_PAT --source "github"
   

After you publish a package, you can view the package on GitHub. For more information, see "Viewing packages."

Publishing a package using a nuget.config file

When publishing, if you are linking your package to a repository, the OWNER of the repository specified in your .csproj file must match the NAMESPACE that you use in your nuget.config authentication file. Specify or increment the version number in your .csproj file, then use the dotnet pack command to create a .nuspec file for that version. For more information on creating your package, see Create and publish a package in the Microsoft documentation.

1. Authenticate to GitHub Packages. For more information, see "Authenticating to GitHub Packages."

2. Create a new project. Replace PROJECT_NAME with the name you'd like to give the project.

   dotnet new console --name PROJECT_NAME
   

3. Add your project's specific information to your project's file, which ends in .csproj. Make sure to replace:

   • 1.0.0 with the version number of the package.
   • OWNER with the name of the personal account or organization that owns the repository to which you want to link your package.
   • REPOSITORY with the name of the repository to which you want to connect your package.

   <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   
     <PropertyGroup>
       <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
       <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.0</TargetFramework>
       <PackageId>PROJECT_NAME</PackageId>
       <Version>1.0.0</Version>
       <Authors>AUTHORS</Authors>
       <Company>COMPANY_NAME</Company>
       <PackageDescription>PACKAGE_DESCRIPTION</PackageDescription>
       <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/OWNER/REPOSITORY</RepositoryUrl>
     </PropertyGroup>
   
   </Project>
   

4. Package the project.

   dotnet pack --configuration Release
   

5. Publish the package using the key you specified in the nuget.config file. Replace PROJECT_NAME with the name of the project, and replace 1.0.0 with the version number of the package.

   dotnet nuget push "bin/Release/PROJECT_NAME.1.0.0.nupkg" --source "github"
   

After you publish a package, you can view the package on GitHub. For more information, see "Viewing packages."

Publishing multiple packages to the same repository

To connect multiple packages to the same repository, use the same GitHub repository URL in the RepositoryURL fields in all .csproj project files. GitHub matches the repository based on that field.

The following example publishes the projects MY_APP and MY_OTHER_APP to the same repository:

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.0</TargetFramework>
    <PackageId>MY_APP</PackageId>
    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
    <Authors>Octocat</Authors>
    <Company>GitHub</Company>
    <PackageDescription>This package adds a singing Octocat!</PackageDescription>
    <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/my-org/my-repo</RepositoryUrl>
  </PropertyGroup>

</Project>

<Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">

  <PropertyGroup>
    <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
    <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.0</TargetFramework>
    <PackageId>MY_OTHER_APP</PackageId>
    <Version>1.0.0</Version>
    <Authors>Octocat</Authors>
    <Company>GitHub</Company>
    <PackageDescription>This package adds a dancing Octocat!</PackageDescription>
    <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/my-org/my-repo</RepositoryUrl>
  </PropertyGroup>

</Project>

Installing a package

Using packages from GitHub in your project is similar to using packages from nuget.org. Add your package dependencies to your .csproj file, specifying the package name and version. For more information on using a .csproj file in your project, see Working with NuGet packages in the Microsoft documentation.

1. Authenticate to GitHub Packages. For more information, see "Authenticating to GitHub Packages."

2. To use a package, add ItemGroup and configure the PackageReference field in the .csproj project file. Replace the PACKAGE_NAME value in Include="PACKAGE_NAME" with your package dependency, and replace the X.X.X value in Version="X.X.X" with the version of the package you want to use:

   <Project Sdk="Microsoft.NET.Sdk">
   
     <PropertyGroup>
       <OutputType>Exe</OutputType>
       <TargetFramework>netcoreapp3.0</TargetFramework>
       <PackageId>My-app</PackageId>
       <Version>1.0.0</Version>
      <Authors>Octocat</Authors>
       <Company>GitHub</Company>
      <PackageDescription>This package adds an Octocat!</PackageDescription>
       <RepositoryUrl>https://github.com/OWNER/REPOSITORY</RepositoryUrl>
     </PropertyGroup>
   
     <ItemGroup>
       <PackageReference Include="PACKAGE_NAME" Version="X.X.X" />
     </ItemGroup>
   
   </Project>
   

3. Install the packages with the restore command.

   dotnet restore
   

Troubleshooting

If you're using a GITHUB_TOKEN to authenticate to a GitHub Packages registry within a GitHub Actions workflow, the token cannot access private repository-based packages in a different repository other than where the workflow is running in. To access packages associated with other repositories, instead generate a personal access token (classic) with the read:packages scope and pass this token in as a secret.

Further reading

• Deleting and restoring a package