环境变量

注： GitHub 托管的运行器目前在 GitHub Enterprise Server 上不受支持。您可以在 GitHub 公共路线图上查看有关未来支持计划的更多信息。

关于环境变量

You can use environment variables to store information that you want to reference in your workflow. You reference environment variables within a workflow step or an action, and the variables are interpolated on the runner machine that runs your workflow. Commands that run in actions or workflow steps can create, read, and modify environment variables.

You can set your own custom environment variables, you can use the default environment variables that GitHub sets automatically, and you can also use any other environment variables that are set in the working environment on the runner. 环境变量区分大小写。

To set a custom environment variable, you must define it in the workflow file. The scope of a custom environment variable is limited to the element in which it is defined. You can define environment variables that are scoped for:

The entire workflow, by using env at the top level of the workflow file.
The contents of a job within a workflow, by using jobs.<job_id>.env.
A specific step within a job, by using jobs.<job_id>.steps[*].env.

name: Greeting on variable day

on:
  workflow_dispatch

env:
  DAY_OF_WEEK: Monday

jobs:
  greeting_job:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    env:
      Greeting: Hello
    steps:
      - name: "Say Hello Mona it's Monday"
        run: echo "$Greeting $First_Name. Today is $DAY_OF_WEEK!"
        env:
          First_Name: Mona

The example above shows three custom environment variables being used in an echo command: $DAY_OF_WEEK, $Greeting, and $First_Name. The values for these environment variables are set, and scoped, at the workflow, job, and step level respectively.

Because environment variable interpolation is done after a workflow job is sent to a runner machine, you must use the appropriate syntax for the shell that's used on the runner. In this example, the workflow specifies ubuntu-latest. By default, Linux runners use the bash shell, so you must use the syntax $NAME. If the workflow specified a Windows runner, you would use the syntax for PowerShell, $env:NAME. For more information about shells, see "Workflow syntax for GitHub Actions."

Note: You can list the entire set of environment variables that are available to a workflow step by using run: env in a step and then examining the output for the step.

Using contexts to access environment variable values

In addition to environment variables, GitHub Actions also allows you to set and read values using contexts. Environment variables and contexts are intended for use at different points in the workflow.

Environment variables are always interpolated on the virtual machine runner. However, parts of a workflow are processed by GitHub Actions and are not sent to the runner. You cannot use environment variables in these parts of a workflow file. Instead, you can use contexts. For example, an if conditional, which determines whether a job or step is sent to the runner, is always processed by GitHub Actions. You can use a context in an if conditional statement to access the value of an environment variable.

env:
  DAY_OF_WEEK: Monday

jobs:
  greeting_job:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    env:
      Greeting: Hello
    steps:
      - name: "Say Hello Mona it's Monday"
        if: ${{ env.DAY_OF_WEEK == 'Monday' }}
        run: echo "$Greeting $First_Name. Today is $DAY_OF_WEEK!"
        env:
          First_Name: Mona

In this modification of the first example, we've introduced an if conditional. The workflow step is now only run if DAYS_OF_WEEK is set to "Monday". We access this value from the if conditional statement by using the env context.

Note: Contexts are usually denoted using the dollar sign and curly braces, as ${{ context.property }}. In an if conditional, the ${{ and }} are optional, but if you use them they must enclose the entire comparison statement, as shown above.

You will commonly use either the env or github context to access environment variable values in parts of the workflow that are processed before jobs are sent to runners.

上下文	Use case	示例
`env`	Reference custom environment variables defined in the workflow.	`${{ env.MY_VARIABLE }}`
`github`	Reference information about the workflow run and the event that triggered the run.	`${{ github.repository }}`

There are many other contexts that you can use for a variety of purposes in your workflows. 更多信息请参阅“上下文”。 For details of where you can use specific contexts within a workflow, see "Context availability."

Other types of variables

In most places in a workflow, the only types of variables that you can use are either environment variables, such as $MY_VARIABLE, or the equivalent context property, such as ${{ env.MY_VARIABLE }}. Exceptions are:

Inputs for the workflow_call and workflow_dispatch events, which allow you to pass values to a workflow. For more information, see on.workflow_call.inputs and on.workflow_dispatch.inputs.
Job outputs, which allow you to pass values between jobs in a workflow. For more information, see jobs.<job_id>.outputs.
The variables in a format expression, which allow you to replace parts of a string. For more information, see format.

环境变量命名约定

When you set a custom environment variable, you cannot use any of the default environment variable names. For a complete list of these, see "Default environment variables" below. 如果尝试重写其中一个默认环境变量的值，则会忽略赋值。

您设置的指向文件系统上某个位置的任何新环境变量都应该有 _PATH 后缀。 The HOME, GITHUB_ENV, and GITHUB_WORKSPACE default environment variables are exceptions to this convention.

默认环境变量

The default environment variables that GitHub sets are available to every step in a workflow.

强烈建议操作使用环境变量访问文件系统，而非使用硬编� �的文件路径。 GitHub 设置供操作用于所有运行器环境中的环境变量。

环境变量	描述
`CI`	始终设置为 `true`。
`GITHUB_ACTION`	The name of the action currently running, or the `id` of a step. For example, for an action, `__repo-owner_name-of-action-repo`. GitHub removes special characters, and uses the name `__run` when the current step runs a script without an `id`. If you use the same script or action more than once in the same job, the name will include a suffix that consists of the sequence number preceded by an underscore. For example, the first script you run will have the name `__run`, and the second script will be named `__run_2`. 同� �，`actions/checkout` 第二次调用时将变成 `actionscheckout2`。
`GITHUB_ACTION_PATH`	The path where an action is located. This property is only supported in composite actions. You can use this path to access files located in the same repository as the action. For example, `/home/runner/work/_actions/repo-owner/name-of-action-repo/v1`.
`GITHUB_ACTION_REPOSITORY`	For a step executing an action, this is the owner and repository name of the action. For example, `actions/checkout`.
`GITHUB_ACTIONS`	当 GitHub Actions 运行工作流程时，始终设置为 `true`。您可以使用此变量来区分测试是在本地运行还是通过 GitHub Actions 运行。
`GITHUB_ACTOR`	发起工作流程的个人或应用程序的名称。例如 `octocat`。
`GITHUB_API_URL`	返回 API URL。 For example: `http(s)://[hostname]/api/v3`.
`GITHUB_BASE_REF`	The name of the base ref or target branch of the pull request in a workflow run. This is only set when the event that triggers a workflow run is either `pull_request` or `pull_request_target`. For example, `main`.
`GITHUB_ENV`	The path on the runner to the file that sets environment variables from workflow commands. This file is unique to the current step and changes for each step in a job. For example, `/home/runner/work/_temp/_runner_file_commands/set_env_87406d6e-4979-4d42-98e1-3dab1f48b13a`. 更多信息请参阅“GitHub Actions 的工作流程命令”。
`GITHUB_EVENT_NAME`	The name of the event that triggered the workflow. For example, `workflow_dispatch`.
`GITHUB_EVENT_PATH`	The path to the file on the runner that contains the full event webhook payload. 例如 `/github/workflow/event.json`。
`GITHUB_GRAPHQL_URL`	返回 GraphQL API URL。 For example: `http(s)://[hostname]/api/graphql`.
`GITHUB_HEAD_REF`	The head ref or source branch of the pull request in a workflow run. This property is only set when the event that triggers a workflow run is either `pull_request` or `pull_request_target`. For example, `feature-branch-1`.
`GITHUB_JOB`	当前作业的 job_id。 For example, `greeting_job`.
`GITHUB_PATH`	The path on the runner to the file that sets system `PATH` variables from workflow commands. This file is unique to the current step and changes for each step in a job. For example, `/home/runner/work/_temp/_runner_file_commands/add_path_899b9445-ad4a-400c-aa89-249f18632cf5`. 更多信息请参阅“GitHub Actions 的工作流程命令”。
`GITHUB_REF`	触发工作流程的分支或� �记参考。 For branches this is the format `refs/heads/<branch_name>`, for tags it is `refs/tags/<tag_name>`, and for pull requests it is `refs/pull/<pr_number>/merge`. This variable is only set if a branch or tag is available for the event type. 例如 `refs/heads/feature-branch-1`。
`GITHUB_REPOSITORY`	The owner and repository name. 例如 `octocat/Hello-World`。
`RUNNER_NAME`	The name of the runner executing the job. For example, `Hosted Agent`
`RUNNER_TOOL_CACHE`	包含 GitHub 托管运行器预安装工具的目录路径。 For more information, see "About GitHub-hosted runners". For example, `C:\hostedtoolcache\windows`

注:

If you need to use a workflow run's URL from within a job, you can combine these environment variables: $GITHUB_SERVER_URL/$GITHUB_REPOSITORY/actions/runs/$GITHUB_RUN_ID
Most of the default environment variables have a corresponding, and similarly named, context property. For example, the value of the GITHUB_REF environment variable can be read during workflow processing using the ${{ github.ref }} context property.

Detecting the operating system

You can write a single workflow file that can be used for different operating systems by using the RUNNER_OS default environment variable and the corresponding context property ${{ runner.os }}. For example, the following workflow could be run successfully if you changed the operating system from macos-latest to windows-latest without having to alter the syntax of the environment variables, which differs depending on the shell being used by the runner.

jobs:
  if-Windows-else:
    runs-on: macos-latest
    steps:
      - name: condition 1
        if: runner.os == 'Windows'
        run: echo "The operating system on the runner is $env:RUNNER_OS."
      - name: condition 2
        if: runner.os != 'Windows'
        run: echo "The operating system on the runner is not Windows, it's $RUNNER_OS."

In this example, the two if statements check the os property of the runner context to determine the operating system of the runner. if conditionals are processed by GitHub Actions, and only steps where the check resolves as true are sent to the runner. Here one of the checks will always be true and the other false, so only one of these steps is sent to the runner. Once the job is sent to the runner, the step is executed and the environment variable in the echo command is interpolated using the appropriate syntax ($env:NAME for PowerShell on Windows, and $NAME for bash and sh on Linux and MacOS). In this example, the statement runs-on: macos-latest means that the second step will be run.

Passing values between steps and jobs in a workflow

If you generate a value in one step of a job, you can use the value in subsequent steps of the same job by assigning the value to an existing or new environment variable and then writing this to the GITHUB_ENV environment file. The environment file can be used directly by an action, or from a shell command in the workflow file by using the run keyword. 更多信息请参阅“GitHub Actions 的工作流程命令”。

If you want to pass a value from a step in one job in a workflow to a step in another job in the workflow, you can define the value as a job output. You can then reference this job output from a step in another job. 更多信息请参阅“GitHub Actions 的工作流程语法”。

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